![]() ![]() If a work is registered with the Library of Congress, the creator will have clear legal grounds for redress. Library of Congress.Ĭopyright infringement occurs when a work is reproduced, distributed, displayed, performed or altered without the creator’s permission. However, to gain the support of the United States government in protecting these works, a creator must register for a copyright with the U.S. Those methods of expression are protected, but the shared idea is not.Ĭopyrights are immediately bestowed upon a creator as soon as the work is placed in some tangible, transmissible form (such as in a book or online). Consider that many people could have the same idea, but they might express those ideas in vastly different ways. ![]() If the creator of a work is an organization such as a university or journal, copyright protections last for 95 to 120 years.Ī copyright protects the expression, presentation or arrangement of a creator’s ideas, but not the ideas themselves. If the creator of a work is an individual, the copyright protects distribution of the work for 70 years after the creator’s death. Creators retain the rights to reproduce, distribute, display, perform and alter their work. Creative works include writing, drawing, artistic works, computer code and computer software, among other things. Stay tuned.Copyrights protect creative works by ensuring that only creators have the rights to reproduce, distribute, display, perform and alter these works. My next post will discuss three key data-driven value propositions. ![]() The word application says it all: data visualization and exploration as an embedded, integrated solution, without the need for a stand-alone BI tool. The capacity to cater to different user requirements within a single application is of key importance.Technology progress tends to move from left to right, so tasks a data scientist does today will be accessible to casual users in a few years’ time.But that’s hardly a surprise content viewing is part of hundreds of thousands of web applications. The Content Viewers are by far the largest user population.Here’s what you can take away from this graph: To put these categories into perspective, compare the type and number of users in this graph. Mathematicians and statisticians who perform scoring or predictive algorithms on Big Data are also part of this category. The data they work with may reside within an operational database, or may be pre-aggregated in an intermediate data warehouse. All Query Experts need is a text editor or a database query tool. These people are programmers who enjoy writing scripts or using a programming language to query data. For more complex content and data modelling, Content Creators tend to use more technically oriented, standalone design tools. Different tools, preferably web-based, allow Content Creators to build visualizations, reports, crosstabs and dashboards. These people are business users and consultants who may have access to data sources, most often indirectly through a metadata layer. Visual data mining tools are also used by people in this category. Data Discoverers often use advanced dashboard features such as performance management views, and have the capacity to “tell a story” with data. A dashboard consists of different elements (widgets or gadgets) that are linked, meaning a Data Discoverer can change a single selector and all corresponding graphs change as well. This category of people consists of autonomous business users and managers that use dashboards to monitor performance, drill down to details and discover hidden relationships within their data. Different graphs with key performance indicators can be mashed up onto a landing page called a dashboard and used by Content Viewers. Interactive viewing allows Content Viewers to customize reports in a web interface by applying filters, adding aggregates and computing new columns from existing data. Content Viewers may select filters to generate a report on demand, and can schedule the execution of reports. These reports can be converted to PDF or Excel files. These people typically look at data in static, paginated reports that include tables and some graphs. The truth is that there is rarely a single requirement, and that the requirements change over time. To help you understand the challenge, this post describes the four categories of end users: Content Viewers, Data Discoverers, Content Creators, and Query Experts. The answer depends on the person you speak to – a salesperson, a product manager, a consultant and an R&D manager may have different opinions depending on technical limitations and business logic. It’s not always easy to determine what end users who interact with data really need.
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